pvcreate(8) — Linux manual page

NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | USAGE | OPTIONS | VARIABLES | ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES | EXAMPLES | SEE ALSO | COLOPHON

PVCREATE(8)              System Manager's Manual             PVCREATE(8)

NAME         top

       pvcreate — Initialize physical volume(s) for use by LVM

SYNOPSIS         top

       pvcreate position_args
           [ option_args ]

DESCRIPTION         top

       pvcreate initializes a Physical Volume (PV) on a device so the
       device is recognized as belonging to LVM.  This allows the PV to
       be used in a Volume Group (VG).  An LVM disk label is written to
       the device, and LVM metadata areas are initialized.  A PV can be
       placed on a whole device or partition.

       Use vgcreate(8) to create a new VG on the PV, or vgextend(8) to
       add the PV to an existing VG.  Use pvremove(8) to remove the LVM
       disk label from the device.

       The force option will create a PV without confirmation.
       Repeating the force option (-ff) will forcibly create a PV,
       overriding checks that normally prevent it, e.g. if the PV is
       already in a VG.

       Metadata location, size, and alignment

       The LVM disk label begins 512 bytes from the start of the device,
       and is 512 bytes in size.

       The LVM metadata area begins at an offset (from the start of the
       device) equal to the page size of the machine creating the PV
       (often 4 KiB.) The metadata area contains a 512 byte header and a
       multi-KiB circular buffer that holds text copies of the VG
       metadata.

       With default settings, the first physical extent (PE), which
       contains LV data, is 1 MiB from the start of the device.  This
       location is controlled by default_data_alignment in lvm.conf,
       which is set to 1 (MiB) by default.  The pe_start will be a
       multiple of this many MiB.  This location can be checked with:
       pvs -o pe_start PV

       The size of the LVM metadata area is the space between the the
       start of the metadata area and the first PE.  When metadata
       begins at 4 KiB and the first PE is at 1024 KiB, the metadata
       area size is 1020 KiB.  This can be checked with:
       pvs -o mda_size PV

       The mda_size cannot be increased after pvcreate, so if larger
       metadata is needed, it must be set during pvcreate.  Two copies
       of the VG metadata must always fit within the metadata area, so
       the maximum VG metadata size is around half the mda_size.  This
       can be checked with:
       vgs -o mda_free VG

       A larger metadata area can be set with --metadatasize.  The
       resulting mda_size may be larger than specified due to
       default_data_alignment placing pe_start on a MiB boundary, and
       the fact that the metadata area extends to the first PE.  With
       metadata starting at 4 KiB and default_data_alignment 1 (MiB),
       setting --metadatasize 2048k results in pe_start of 3 MiB and
       mda_size of 3068 KiB.  Alternatively, --metadatasize 2044k
       results in pe_start at 2 MiB and mda_size of 2044 KiB.

       The alignment of pe_start described above may be automatically
       overridden based on md device properties or device i/o properties
       reported in sysfs.  These automatic adjustments can be
       enabled/disabled using lvm.conf settings md_chunk_alignment and
       data_alignment_offset_detection.

       To use a different pe_start alignment, use the --dataalignment
       option.  The --metadatasize option would also typically be used
       in this case because the metadata area size also determines the
       location of pe_start.  When using these two options together,
       pe_start is calculated as: metadata area start (page size), plus
       the specified --metadatasize, rounded up to the next multiple of
       --dataalignment.  With metadata starting at 4 KiB, --metadatasize
       2048k, and --dataalignment 128k, pe_start is 2176 KiB and
       mda_size is 2172 KiB.  The pe_start of 2176 KiB is the nearest
       even multiple of 128 KiB that provides at least 2048 KiB of
       metadata space.  Always check the resulting alignment and
       metadata size when using these options.

       To shift an aligned pe_start value, use the --dataalignmentoffset
       option.  The pe_start alignment is calculated as described above,
       and then the value specified with --dataalignmentoffset is added
       to produce the final pe_start value.

USAGE         top

       pvcreate PV ...
           [ -f|--force ]
           [ -M|--metadatatype lvm2 ]
           [ -u|--uuid String ]
           [ -Z|--zero y|n ]
           [    --dataalignment Size[k|UNIT] ]
           [    --dataalignmentoffset Size[k|UNIT] ]
           [    --bootloaderareasize Size[m|UNIT] ]
           [    --labelsector Number ]
           [    --[pv]metadatacopies 0|1|2 ]
           [    --metadatasize Size[m|UNIT] ]
           [    --metadataignore y|n ]
           [    --norestorefile ]
           [    --setphysicalvolumesize Size[m|UNIT] ]
           [    --reportformat basic|json ]
           [    --restorefile String ]
           [ COMMON_OPTIONS ]

       Common options for lvm:
           [ -d|--debug ]
           [ -h|--help ]
           [ -q|--quiet ]
           [ -t|--test ]
           [ -v|--verbose ]
           [ -y|--yes ]
           [    --commandprofile String ]
           [    --config String ]
           [    --devices PV ]
           [    --devicesfile String ]
           [    --driverloaded y|n ]
           [    --journal String ]
           [    --lockopt String ]
           [    --longhelp ]
           [    --nohints ]
           [    --nolocking ]
           [    --profile String ]
           [    --version ]

OPTIONS         top


       --bootloaderareasize Size[m|UNIT]
              Reserve  space for the bootloader between the LVM metadata
              area and the first PE.  The bootloader  area  is  reserved
              for  bootloaders  to embed their own data or metadata; LVM
              will not use it.  The bootloader  area  begins  where  the
              first  PE  would  otherwise  be  located.  The first PE is
              moved out by the size of the  bootloader  area,  and  then
              moved   out   further  if  necessary  to  match  the  data
              alignment.  The start of the  bootloader  area  is  always
              aligned,       see      also      --dataalignment      and
              --dataalignmentoffset. The bootloader area may  be  larger
              than  requested  due to the alignment, but it's never less
              than the requested size.  To see the bootloader area start
              and   size   of   an    existing    PV    use    pvs    -o
              +pv_ba_start,pv_ba_size.

       --commandprofile String
              The command profile to use for command configuration.  See
              lvm.conf(5) for more information about profiles.

       --config String
              Config   settings   for   the   command.   These  override
              lvm.conf(5) settings.  The String arg uses the same format
              as lvm.conf(5), or  may  use  section/field  syntax.   See
              lvm.conf(5) for more information about config.

       --dataalignment Size[k|UNIT]
              Align  the start of a PV data area with a multiple of this
              number.  To see the location of the first Physical  Extent
              (PE) of an existing PV, use pvs -o +pe_start. In addition,
              it   may   be   shifted   by   an  alignment  offset,  see
              --dataalignmentoffset.  Also  specify  an  appropriate  PE
              size when creating a VG.

       --dataalignmentoffset Size[k|UNIT]
              Shift  the  start  of  the PV data area by this additional
              offset.

       -d|--debug ...
              Set debug level. Repeat from 1 to 6 times to increase  the
              detail  of messages sent to the log file and/or syslog (if
              configured).

       --devices PV
              Devices that the command  can  use.  This  option  can  be
              repeated  or  accepts  a  comma separated list of devices.
              This overrides the devices file.

       --devicesfile String
              A file listing devices that LVM should use.  The file must
              exist  in  /etc/lvm/devices/  and  is  managed  with   the
              lvmdevices(8)  command.   This  overrides  the lvm.conf(5)
              devices/devicesfile and devices/use_devicesfile  settings.

       --driverloaded y|n
              If  set to no, the command will not attempt to use device-
              mapper.  For testing and debugging.

       -f|--force ...
              Override various checks,  confirmations  and  protections.
              Use with extreme caution.

       -h|--help
              Display help text.

       --journal String
              Record   information   in   the   systemd  journal.   This
              information is in addition to information enabled  by  the
              lvm.conf log/journal setting.  command: record information
              about  the  command.   output:  record the default command
              output.  debug: record full command debugging.

       --labelsector Number
              By default the PV is labelled with an LVM2  identifier  in
              its  second  sector  (sector  1).  This  lets  you  use  a
              different sector near the start of the disk (between 0 and
              3 inclusive - see LABEL_SCAN_SECTORS in the  source).  Use
              with care.

       --lockopt String
              Used  to  pass options for special cases to lvmlockd.  See
              lvmlockd(8) for more information.

       --longhelp
              Display long help text.

       --metadataignore y|n
              Specifies the metadataignore property of a  PV.   If  yes,
              metadata  areas  on  the  PV are ignored, and lvm will not
              store metadata in the metadata areas of the  PV.   If  no,
              lvm will store metadata on the PV.

       --metadatasize Size[m|UNIT]
              The  approximate amount of space used for each VG metadata
              area.  The size may be rounded.

       -M|--metadatatype lvm2
              Specifies the type of on-disk metadata to use.   lvm2  (or
              just 2) is the current, standard format.  lvm1 (or just 1)
              is no longer used.

       --nohints
              Do  not  use  the  hints file to locate devices for PVs. A
              command may read more devices to find PVs when  hints  are
              not  used.  The  command  will still perform standard hint
              file invalidation where appropriate.

       --nolocking
              Disable locking.

       --norestorefile
              In conjunction with --uuid,  this  allows  a  uuid  to  be
              specified  without  also  requiring  that  a backup of the
              metadata be provided.

       --profile String
              An  alias  for  --commandprofile   or   --metadataprofile,
              depending on the command.

       --[pv]metadatacopies 0|1|2
              The  number  of  metadata  areas  to set aside on a PV for
              storing VG metadata.  When 2, one copy of the VG  metadata
              is  stored  at  the  front  of the PV and a second copy is
              stored at the end.  When 1, one copy of the VG metadata is
              stored at the front of the PV.  When 0, no copies  of  the
              VG  metadata  are  stored  on  the  given PV.  This may be
              useful in VGs containing many PVs (this places limitations
              on the ability to use vgsplit later.)

       -q|--quiet ...
              Suppress output and log messages.  Overrides  --debug  and
              --verbose.   Repeat once to also suppress any prompts with
              answer 'no'.

       --reportformat basic|json
              Overrides current  output  format  for  reports  which  is
              defined  globally  by  the report/output_format setting in
              lvm.conf(5).  basic is the original  format  with  columns
              and  rows.   If there is more than one report per command,
              each  report  is  prefixed  with  the  report   name   for
              identification.   json  produces  report  output  in  JSON
              format. See lvmreport(7) for more information.

       --restorefile String
              In conjunction with --uuid, this reads the file  (produced
              by  vgcfgbackup),  extracts  the  location and size of the
              data on the PV, and ensures that the metadata produced  by
              the  program  is consistent with the contents of the file,
              i.e. the physical extents will be in the  same  place  and
              not  be  overwritten  by  new  metadata.  This  provides a
              mechanism to upgrade the metadata format or to  add/remove
              metadata areas. Use with care.

       --setphysicalvolumesize Size[m|UNIT]
              Overrides  the automatically detected size of the PV.  Use
              with care, or prior to reducing the physical size  of  the
              device.

       -t|--test
              Run in test mode. Commands will not update metadata.  This
              is  implemented  by  disabling  all  metadata  writing but
              nevertheless returning success to  the  calling  function.
              This  may  lead  to  unusual error messages in multi-stage
              operations if a tool relies on reading  back  metadata  it
              believes has changed but hasn't.

       -u|--uuid String
              Specify  a  UUID  for  the device.  Without this option, a
              random UUID is generated.  This option  is  needed  before
              restoring  a  backup  of  LVM  metadata onto a replacement
              device; see vgcfgrestore(8). As such, use of --restorefile
              is compulsory unless the --norestorefile is used.  All PVs
              must have unique  UUIDs,  and  LVM  will  prevent  certain
              operations  if  multiple  devices  are  seen with the same
              UUID.  See vgimportclone(8) for more information.

       -v|--verbose ...
              Set verbose level. Repeat from 1 to 4  times  to  increase
              the detail of messages sent to stdout and stderr.

       --version
              Display version information.

       -y|--yes
              Do  not  prompt  for confirmation interactively but always
              assume the answer yes. Use  with  extreme  caution.   (For
              automatic no, see -qq.)

       -Z|--zero y|n
              Controls if the first 4 sectors (2048 bytes) of the device
              are  wiped.   The  default is to wipe these sectors unless
              either or both of --restorefile or --uuid are specified.

VARIABLES         top

       PV     Physical Volume name, a device path under /dev.  For
              commands managing physical extents, a PV positional arg
              generally accepts a suffix indicating a range (or multiple
              ranges) of physical extents (PEs). When the first PE is
              omitted, it defaults to the start of the device, and when
              the last PE is omitted it defaults to end.  Start and end
              range (inclusive): PV[:PE-PE]...  Start and length range
              (counting from 0): PV[:PE+PE]...

       String See the option description for information about the
              string content.

       Size[UNIT]
              Size is an input number that accepts an optional unit.
              Input units are always treated as base two values,
              regardless of capitalization, e.g. 'k' and 'K' both refer
              to 1024.  The default input unit is specified by letter,
              followed by |UNIT.  UNIT represents other possible input
              units: b|B is bytes, s|S is sectors of 512 bytes, k|K is
              KiB, m|M is MiB, g|G is GiB, t|T is TiB, p|P is PiB, e|E
              is EiB.  (This should not be confused with the output
              control --units, where capital letters mean multiple of
              1000.)

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES         top

       See lvm(8) for information about environment variables used by
       lvm.  For example, LVM_VG_NAME can generally be substituted for a
       required VG parameter.

EXAMPLES         top

       Initialize a partition and a full device.
       pvcreate /dev/sdc4 /dev/sde

       If a device is a 4 KiB sector drive that compensates for windows
       partitioning (sector 7 is the lowest aligned logical block, the
       4 KiB sectors start at LBA -1, and consequently sector 63 is
       aligned on a 4 KiB boundary) manually account for this when
       initializing for use by LVM.
       pvcreate --dataalignmentoffset 7s /dev/sdb

SEE ALSO         top

       lvm(8), lvm.conf(5), lvmconfig(8), lvmdevices(8),

       pvchange(8), pvck(8), pvcreate(8), pvdisplay(8), pvmove(8),
       pvremove(8), pvresize(8), pvs(8), pvscan(8),

       vgcfgbackup(8), vgcfgrestore(8), vgchange(8), vgck(8),
       vgcreate(8), vgconvert(8), vgdisplay(8), vgexport(8),
       vgextend(8), vgimport(8), vgimportclone(8), vgimportdevices(8),
       vgmerge(8), vgmknodes(8), vgreduce(8), vgremove(8), vgrename(8),
       vgs(8), vgscan(8), vgsplit(8),

       lvcreate(8), lvchange(8), lvconvert(8), lvdisplay(8),
       lvextend(8), lvreduce(8), lvremove(8), lvrename(8), lvresize(8),
       lvs(8), lvscan(8),

       lvm-fullreport(8), lvm-lvpoll(8), blkdeactivate(8), lvmdump(8),

       dmeventd(8), lvmpolld(8), lvmlockd(8), lvmlockctl(8),
       cmirrord(8), lvmdbusd(8), fsadm(8),

       lvmsystemid(7), lvmreport(7), lvmcache(7), lvmraid(7),
       lvmthin(7), lvmvdo(7), lvmautoactivation(7)

COLOPHON         top

       This page is part of the lvm2 (Logical Volume Manager 2) project.
       Information about the project can be found at 
       ⟨http://www.sourceware.org/lvm2/⟩.  If you have a bug report for
       this manual page, see ⟨https://github.com/lvmteam/lvm2/issues⟩.
       This page was obtained from the project's upstream Git repository
       ⟨git://sourceware.org/git/lvm2.git⟩ on 2024-06-14.  (At that
       time, the date of the most recent commit that was found in the
       repository was 2024-06-11.)  If you discover any rendering
       problems in this HTML version of the page, or you believe there
       is a better or more up-to-date source for the page, or you have
       corrections or improvements to the information in this COLOPHON
       (which is not part of the original manual page), send a mail to
       [email protected]

Red Hat, Inc.     LVM TOOLS 2.03.25(2)-git (2024-05-16)      PVCREATE(8)

Pages that refer to this page: lvchange(8)lvconvert(8)lvcreate(8)lvdisplay(8)lvextend(8)lvm(8)lvmconfig(8)lvmdevices(8)lvmdiskscan(8)lvm-fullreport(8)lvm-lvpoll(8)lvreduce(8)lvremove(8)lvrename(8)lvresize(8)lvs(8)lvscan(8)pvchange(8)pvck(8)pvcreate(8)pvdisplay(8)pvmove(8)pvremove(8)pvresize(8)pvs(8)pvscan(8)vgcfgbackup(8)vgcfgrestore(8)vgchange(8)vgck(8)vgconvert(8)vgcreate(8)vgdisplay(8)vgexport(8)vgextend(8)vgimport(8)vgimportclone(8)vgimportdevices(8)vgmerge(8)vgmknodes(8)vgreduce(8)vgremove(8)vgrename(8)vgs(8)vgscan(8)vgsplit(8)