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ovn-ic-nbctl(8) OVN Manual ovn-ic-nbctl(8)
ovn-ic-nbctl - Open Virtual Network interconnection northbound db
management utility
ovn-ic-nbctl [options] command [arg...]
This utility can be used to manage the OVN interconnection
northbound database.
init Initializes the database, if it is empty. If the database
has already been initialized, this command has no effect.
show Prints a brief overview of the database contents.
[--may-exist] ts-add switch
Creates a new transit switch named switch.
Transit switch names must be unique. Adding a duplicated
name results in error. With --may-exist, adding a
duplicate name succeeds but does not create a new transit
switch.
[--if-exists] ts-del switch
Deletes switch. It is an error if switch does not exist,
unless --if-exists is specified.
ts-list
Lists all existing switches on standard output, one per
line.
These commands query and modify the contents of ovsdb tables.
They are a slight abstraction of the ovsdb interface and as such
they operate at a lower level than other ovn-ic-nbctl commands.
Identifying Tables, Records, and Columns
Each of these commands has a table parameter to identify a table
within the database. Many of them also take a record parameter
that identifies a particular record within a table. The record
parameter may be the UUID for a record, which may be abbreviated
to its first 4 (or more) hex digits, as long as that is unique.
Many tables offer additional ways to identify records. Some
commands also take column parameters that identify a particular
field within the records in a table.
For a list of tables and their columns, see ovn-ic-nb(5) or see
the table listing from the --help option.
Record names must be specified in full and with correct
capitalization, except that UUIDs may be abbreviated to their
first 4 (or more) hex digits, as long as that is unique within
the table. Names of tables and columns are not case-sensitive,
and - and _ are treated interchangeably. Unique abbreviations of
table and column names are acceptable, e.g. t or transit is
sufficient to identify the Transit_Switch table.
Database Values
Each column in the database accepts a fixed type of data. The
currently defined basic types, and their representations, are:
integer
A decimal integer in the range -2**63 to 2**63-1,
inclusive.
real A floating-point number.
Boolean
True or false, written true or false, respectively.
string An arbitrary Unicode string, except that null bytes
are not allowed. Quotes are optional for most
strings that begin with an English letter or
underscore and consist only of letters,
underscores, hyphens, and periods. However, true
and false and strings that match the syntax of
UUIDs (see below) must be enclosed in double quotes
to distinguish them from other basic types. When
double quotes are used, the syntax is that of
strings in JSON, e.g. backslashes may be used to
escape special characters. The empty string must be
represented as a pair of double quotes ("").
UUID Either a universally unique identifier in the style
of RFC 4122, e.g.
f81d4fae-7dec-11d0-a765-00a0c91e6bf6, or an @name
defined by a get or create command within the same
ovs-vsctl invocation.
Multiple values in a single column may be separated by spaces or
a single comma. When multiple values are present, duplicates are
not allowed, and order is not important. Conversely, some
database columns can have an empty set of values, represented as
[], and square brackets may optionally enclose other non-empty
sets or single values as well.
A few database columns are ``maps’’ of key-value pairs, where the
key and the value are each some fixed database type. These are
specified in the form key=value, where key and value follow the
syntax for the column’s key type and value type, respectively.
When multiple pairs are present (separated by spaces or a comma),
duplicate keys are not allowed, and again the order is not
important. Duplicate values are allowed. An empty map is
represented as {}. Curly braces may optionally enclose non-empty
maps as well (but use quotes to prevent the shell from expanding
other-config={0=x,1=y} into other-config=0=x other-config=1=y,
which may not have the desired effect).
Database Command Syntax
[--if-exists] [--columns=column[,column]...] list table
[record]...
Lists the data in each specified record. If no
records are specified, lists all the records in
table.
If --columns is specified, only the requested
columns are listed, in the specified order.
Otherwise, all columns are listed, in alphabetical
order by column name.
Without --if-exists, it is an error if any
specified record does not exist. With --if-exists,
the command ignores any record that does not exist,
without producing any output.
[--columns=column[,column]...] find table
[column[:key]=value]...
Lists the data in each record in table whose column
equals value or, if key is specified, whose column
contains a key with the specified value. The
following operators may be used where = is written
in the syntax summary:
= != < > <= >=
Selects records in which column[:key]
equals, does not equal, is less than, is
greater than, is less than or equal to, or
is greater than or equal to value,
respectively.
Consider column[:key] and value as sets of
elements. Identical sets are considered
equal. Otherwise, if the sets have different
numbers of elements, then the set with more
elements is considered to be larger.
Otherwise, consider a element from each set
pairwise, in increasing order within each
set. The first pair that differs determines
the result. (For a column that contains key-
value pairs, first all the keys are
compared, and values are considered only if
the two sets contain identical keys.)
{=} {!=}
Test for set equality or inequality,
respectively.
{<=} Selects records in which column[:key] is a
subset of value. For example,
flood-vlans{<=}1,2 selects records in which
the flood-vlans column is the empty set or
contains 1 or 2 or both.
{<} Selects records in which column[:key] is a
proper subset of value. For example,
flood-vlans{<}1,2 selects records in which
the flood-vlans column is the empty set or
contains 1 or 2 but not both.
{>=} {>}
Same as {<=} and {<}, respectively, except
that the relationship is reversed. For
example, flood-vlans{>=}1,2 selects records
in which the flood-vlans column contains
both 1 and 2.
The following operators are available only in Open
vSwitch 2.16 and later:
{in} Selects records in which every element in
column[:key] is also in value. (This is the
same as {<=}.)
{not-in}
Selects records in which every element in
column[:key] is not in value.
For arithmetic operators (= != < > <= >=), when key
is specified but a particular record’s column does
not contain key, the record is always omitted from
the results. Thus, the condition
other-config:mtu!=1500 matches records that have a
mtu key whose value is not 1500, but not those that
lack an mtu key.
For the set operators, when key is specified but a
particular record’s column does not contain key,
the comparison is done against an empty set. Thus,
the condition other-config:mtu{!=}1500 matches
records that have a mtu key whose value is not 1500
and those that lack an mtu key.
Don’t forget to escape < or > from interpretation
by the shell.
If --columns is specified, only the requested
columns are listed, in the specified order.
Otherwise all columns are listed, in alphabetical
order by column name.
The UUIDs shown for rows created in the same
ovs-vsctl invocation will be wrong.
[--if-exists] [--id=@name] get table record
[column[:key]]...
Prints the value of each specified column in the
given record in table. For map columns, a key may
optionally be specified, in which case the value
associated with key in the column is printed,
instead of the entire map.
Without --if-exists, it is an error if record does
not exist or key is specified, if key does not
exist in record. With --if-exists, a missing record
yields no output and a missing key prints a blank
line.
If @name is specified, then the UUID for record may
be referred to by that name later in the same
ovs-vsctl invocation in contexts where a UUID is
expected.
Both --id and the column arguments are optional,
but usually at least one or the other should be
specified. If both are omitted, then get has no
effect except to verify that record exists in
table.
--id and --if-exists cannot be used together.
[--if-exists] set table record column[:key]=value...
Sets the value of each specified column in the
given record in table to value. For map columns, a
key may optionally be specified, in which case the
value associated with key in that column is changed
(or added, if none exists), instead of the entire
map.
Without --if-exists, it is an error if record does
not exist. With --if-exists, this command does
nothing if record does not exist.
[--if-exists] add table record column [key=]value...
Adds the specified value or key-value pair to
column in record in table. If column is a map, then
key is required, otherwise it is prohibited. If key
already exists in a map column, then the current
value is not replaced (use the set command to
replace an existing value).
Without --if-exists, it is an error if record does
not exist. With --if-exists, this command does
nothing if record does not exist.
[--if-exists] remove table record column value...
[--if-exists] remove table record column key...
[--if-exists] remove table record column
key=value... Removes the specified values or key-
value pairs from column in record in table. The
first form applies to columns that are not maps:
each specified value is removed from the column.
The second and third forms apply to map columns: if
only a key is specified, then any key-value pair
with the given key is removed, regardless of its
value; if a value is given then a pair is removed
only if both key and value match.
It is not an error if the column does not contain
the specified key or value or pair.
Without --if-exists, it is an error if record does
not exist. With --if-exists, this command does
nothing if record does not exist.
[--if-exists] clear table record column...
Sets each column in record in table to the empty
set or empty map, as appropriate. This command
applies only to columns that are allowed to be
empty.
Without --if-exists, it is an error if record does
not exist. With --if-exists, this command does
nothing if record does not exist.
[--id=(@name|uuid)] create table column[:key]=value...
Creates a new record in table and sets the initial
values of each column. Columns not explicitly set
will receive their default values. Outputs the UUID
of the new row.
If @name is specified, then the UUID for the new
row may be referred to by that name elsewhere in
the same \*(PN invocation in contexts where a UUID
is expected. Such references may precede or follow
the create command.
If a valid uuid is specified, then it is used as
the UUID of the new row.
Caution (ovs-vsctl as example)
Records in the Open vSwitch database are
significant only when they can be reached
directly or indirectly from the Open_vSwitch
table. Except for records in the QoS or
Queue tables, records that are not reachable
from the Open_vSwitch table are
automatically deleted from the database.
This deletion happens immediately, without
waiting for additional ovs-vsctl commands or
other database activity. Thus, a create
command must generally be accompanied by
additional commands within the same
ovs-vsctl invocation to add a chain of
references to the newly created record from
the top-level Open_vSwitch record. The
EXAMPLES section gives some examples that
show how to do this.
[--if-exists] destroy table record...
Deletes each specified record from table. Unless
--if-exists is specified, each records must exist.
--all destroy table
Deletes all records from the table.
Caution (ovs-vsctl as example)
The destroy command is only useful for
records in the QoS or Queue tables. Records
in other tables are automatically deleted
from the database when they become
unreachable from the Open_vSwitch table.
This means that deleting the last reference
to a record is sufficient for deleting the
record itself. For records in these tables,
destroy is silently ignored. See the
EXAMPLES section below for more information.
wait-until table record [column[:key]=value]...
Waits until table contains a record named record
whose column equals value or, if key is specified,
whose column contains a key with the specified
value. This command supports the same operators and
semantics described for the find command above.
If no column[:key]=value arguments are given, this
command waits only until record exists. If more
than one such argument is given, the command waits
until all of them are satisfied.
Caution (ovs-vsctl as example)
Usually wait-until should be placed at the
beginning of a set of ovs-vsctl commands.
For example, wait-until bridge br0 -- get
bridge br0 datapath_id waits until a bridge
named br0 is created, then prints its
datapath_id column, whereas get bridge br0
datapath_id -- wait-until bridge br0 will
abort if no bridge named br0 exists when
ovs-vsctl initially connects to the
database.
Consider specifying --timeout=0 along with
--wait-until, to prevent ovs-vsctl from terminating
after waiting only at most 5 seconds.
comment [arg]...
This command has no effect on behavior, but any
database log record created by the command will
include the command and its arguments.
get-connection
Prints the configured connection(s).
del-connection
Deletes the configured connection(s).
[--inactivity-probe=msecs] set-connection target...
Sets the configured manager target or targets. Use
--inactivity-probe=msecs to override the default idle
connection inactivity probe time. Use 0 to disable
inactivity probes.
get-ssl
Prints the SSL configuration.
del-ssl
Deletes the current SSL configuration.
[--bootstrap] set-ssl private-key certificate ca-cert [ssl-
protocol-list [ssl-cipher-list]]
Sets the SSL configuration.
sync Ordinarily, --wait=sb only waits for changes by the
current ovn-ic-nbctl invocation to take effect. This means
that, if none of the commands supplied to ovn-ic-nbctl
change the database, then the command does not wait at
all. With the sync command, however, ovn-ic-nbctl waits
even for earlier changes to the database to propagate down
to the southbound database, according to the argument of
--wait.
--no-wait | --wait=none
--wait=sb
These options control whether and how ovn-ic-nbctl waits for
the OVN system to become up-to-date with changes made in an
ovn-ic-nbctl invocation.
By default, or if --no-wait or --wait=none, ovn-ic-nbctl
exits immediately after confirming that changes have been
committed to the Interconnect northbound database, without
waiting.
With --wait=sb, before ovn-ic-nbctl exits, it waits for
ovn-ics to bring the Interconnect southbound database up-to-
date with the Interconnect northbound database updates.
Ordinarily, --wait=sb only waits for changes by the current
ovn-ic-nbctl invocation to take effect. This means that, if
none of the commands supplied to ovn-ic-nbctl change the
database, then the command does not wait at all. Use the
sync command to override this behavior.
--db database
The OVSDB database remote to contact. If the OVN_IC_NB_DB
environment variable is set, its value is used as the
default. Otherwise, the default is unix:/ovn_ic_nb_db.sock,
but this default is unlikely to be useful outside of single-
machine OVN test environments.
--leader-only
--no-leader-only
By default, or with --leader-only, when the database server
is a clustered database, ovn-ic-nbctl will avoid servers
other than the cluster leader. This ensures that any data
that ovn-ic-nbctl reads and reports is up-to-date. With
--no-leader-only, ovn-ic-nbctl will use any server in the
cluster, which means that for read-only transactions it can
report and act on stale data (transactions that modify the
database are always serialized even with --no-leader-only).
Refer to Understanding Cluster Consistency in ovsdb(7) for
more information.
-v[spec]
--verbose=[spec]
Sets logging levels. Without any spec, sets the log level
for every module and destination to dbg. Otherwise, spec is
a list of words separated by spaces or commas or colons, up
to one from each category below:
• A valid module name, as displayed by the vlog/list
command on ovs-appctl(8), limits the log level change
to the specified module.
• syslog, console, or file, to limit the log level
change to only to the system log, to the console, or
to a file, respectively. (If --detach is specified,
the daemon closes its standard file descriptors, so
logging to the console will have no effect.)
On Windows platform, syslog is accepted as a word and
is only useful along with the --syslog-target option
(the word has no effect otherwise).
• off, emer, err, warn, info, or dbg, to control the
log level. Messages of the given severity or higher
will be logged, and messages of lower severity will
be filtered out. off filters out all messages. See
ovs-appctl(8) for a definition of each log level.
Case is not significant within spec.
Regardless of the log levels set for file, logging to a file
will not take place unless --log-file is also specified (see
below).
For compatibility with older versions of OVS, any is
accepted as a word but has no effect.
-v
--verbose
Sets the maximum logging verbosity level, equivalent to
--verbose=dbg.
-vPATTERN:destination:pattern
--verbose=PATTERN:destination:pattern
Sets the log pattern for destination to pattern. Refer to
ovs-appctl(8) for a description of the valid syntax for
pattern.
-vFACILITY:facility
--verbose=FACILITY:facility
Sets the RFC5424 facility of the log message. facility can
be one of kern, user, mail, daemon, auth, syslog, lpr, news,
uucp, clock, ftp, ntp, audit, alert, clock2, local0, local1,
local2, local3, local4, local5, local6 or local7. If this
option is not specified, daemon is used as the default for
the local system syslog and local0 is used while sending a
message to the target provided via the --syslog-target
option.
--log-file[=file]
Enables logging to a file. If file is specified, then it is
used as the exact name for the log file. The default log
file name used if file is omitted is
/usr/local/var/log/ovn/program.log.
--syslog-target=host:port
Send syslog messages to UDP port on host, in addition to the
system syslog. The host must be a numerical IP address, not
a hostname.
--syslog-method=method
Specify method as how syslog messages should be sent to
syslog daemon. The following forms are supported:
• libc, to use the libc syslog() function. Downside of
using this options is that libc adds fixed prefix to
every message before it is actually sent to the
syslog daemon over /dev/log UNIX domain socket.
• unix:file, to use a UNIX domain socket directly. It
is possible to specify arbitrary message format with
this option. However, rsyslogd 8.9 and older versions
use hard coded parser function anyway that limits
UNIX domain socket use. If you want to use arbitrary
message format with older rsyslogd versions, then use
UDP socket to localhost IP address instead.
• udp:ip:port, to use a UDP socket. With this method it
is possible to use arbitrary message format also with
older rsyslogd. When sending syslog messages over UDP
socket extra precaution needs to be taken into
account, for example, syslog daemon needs to be
configured to listen on the specified UDP port,
accidental iptables rules could be interfering with
local syslog traffic and there are some security
considerations that apply to UDP sockets, but do not
apply to UNIX domain sockets.
• null, to discard all messages logged to syslog.
The default is taken from the OVS_SYSLOG_METHOD environment
variable; if it is unset, the default is libc.
These options control the format of output from the list and find
commands.
-f format
--format=format
Sets the type of table formatting. The following
types of format are available:
table 2-D text tables with aligned columns.
list (default)
A list with one column per line and rows
separated by a blank line.
html HTML tables.
csv Comma-separated values as defined in RFC 4180.
json JSON format as defined in RFC 4627. The output
is a sequence of JSON objects, each of which
corresponds to one table. Each JSON object has
the following members with the noted values:
caption
The table’s caption. This member is
omitted if the table has no caption.
headings
An array with one element per table
column. Each array element is a string
giving the corresponding column’s
heading.
data An array with one element per table
row. Each element is also an array with
one element per table column. The
elements of this second-level array are
the cells that constitute the table.
Cells that represent OVSDB data or data
types are expressed in the format
described in the OVSDB specification;
other cells are simply expressed as
text strings.
-d format
--data=format
Sets the formatting for cells within output tables
unless the table format is set to json, in which case
json formatting is always used when formatting cells.
The following types of format are available:
string (default)
The simple format described in the Database
Values section of ovs-vsctl(8).
bare The simple format with punctuation stripped
off: [] and {} are omitted around sets, maps,
and empty columns, items within sets and maps
are space-separated, and strings are never
quoted. This format may be easier for scripts
to parse.
json The RFC 4627 JSON format as described above.
--no-headings
This option suppresses the heading row that otherwise
appears in the first row of table output.
--pretty
By default, JSON in output is printed as compactly as
possible. This option causes JSON in output to be
printed in a more readable fashion. Members of
objects and elements of arrays are printed one per
line, with indentation.
This option does not affect JSON in tables, which is
always printed compactly.
--bare
Equivalent to --format=list --data=bare
--no-headings.
PKI Options
PKI configuration is required to use SSL for the connection to
the database.
-p privkey.pem
--private-key=privkey.pem
Specifies a PEM file containing the private key used
as identity for outgoing SSL connections.
-c cert.pem
--certificate=cert.pem
Specifies a PEM file containing a certificate that
certifies the private key specified on -p or
--private-key to be trustworthy. The certificate must
be signed by the certificate authority (CA) that the
peer in SSL connections will use to verify it.
-C cacert.pem
--ca-cert=cacert.pem
Specifies a PEM file containing the CA certificate
for verifying certificates presented to this program
by SSL peers. (This may be the same certificate that
SSL peers use to verify the certificate specified on
-c or --certificate, or it may be a different one,
depending on the PKI design in use.)
-C none
--ca-cert=none
Disables verification of certificates presented by
SSL peers. This introduces a security risk, because
it means that certificates cannot be verified to be
those of known trusted hosts.
--bootstrap-ca-cert=cacert.pem
When cacert.pem exists, this option has the same
effect as -C or --ca-cert. If it does not exist,
then the executable will attempt to obtain the CA
certificate from the SSL peer on its first SSL
connection and save it to the named PEM file. If it
is successful, it will immediately drop the
connection and reconnect, and from then on all SSL
connections must be authenticated by a certificate
signed by the CA certificate thus obtained.
This option exposes the SSL connection to a man-in-
the-middle attack obtaining the initial CA
certificate, but it may be useful for
bootstrapping.
This option is only useful if the SSL peer sends
its CA certificate as part of the SSL certificate
chain. The SSL protocol does not require the server
to send the CA certificate.
This option is mutually exclusive with -C and
--ca-cert.
Other Options
-h
--help
Prints a brief help message to the console.
-V
--version
Prints version information to the console.
This page is part of the Open Virtual Network (Daemons for Open
vSwitch that translate virtual network configurations into
OpenFlow) project. Information about the project can be found at
⟨https://www.ovn.org/⟩. If you have a bug report for this manual
page, send it to [email protected]. This page was obtained
from the project's upstream Git repository
⟨https://github.com/ovn-org/ovn⟩ on 2024-06-14. (At that time,
the date of the most recent commit that was found in the
repository was 2024-06-12.) If you discover any rendering
problems in this HTML version of the page, or you believe there
is a better or more up-to-date source for the page, or you have
corrections or improvements to the information in this COLOPHON
(which is not part of the original manual page), send a mail to
[email protected]
OVN 24.03.90 ovn-ic-nbctl ovn-ic-nbctl(8)
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HTML rendering created 2024-06-26 by Michael Kerrisk, author of The Linux Programming Interface. For details of in-depth Linux/UNIX system programming training courses that I teach, look here. Hosting by jambit GmbH. |
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