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NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | [PARTITION] SECTION OPTIONS | SPECIFIERS | ENVIRONMENT | EXAMPLES | SEE ALSO | NOTES | COLOPHON |
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REPART.D(5) repart.d REPART.D(5)
repart.d - Partition Definition Files for Automatic Boot-Time
Repartitioning
/etc/repart.d/*.conf
/run/repart.d/*.conf
/usr/local/lib/repart.d/*.conf
/usr/lib/repart.d/*.conf
repart.d/*.conf files describe basic properties of partitions of
block devices of the local system. They may be used to declare
types, names and sizes of partitions that shall exist. The
systemd-repart(8) service reads these files and attempts to add
new partitions currently missing and enlarge existing partitions
according to these definitions. Operation is generally
incremental, i.e. when applied, what exists already is left
intact, and partitions are never shrunk, moved or deleted.
These definition files are useful for implementing operating
system images that are prepared and delivered with minimally
sized images (for example lacking any state or swap partitions),
and which on first boot automatically take possession of any
remaining disk space following a few basic rules.
Currently, support for partition definition files is only
implemented for GPT partition tables.
Partition files are generally matched against any partitions
already existing on disk in a simple algorithm: the partition
files are sorted by their filename (ignoring the directory
prefix), and then compared in order against existing partitions
matching the same partition type UUID. Specifically, the first
existing partition with a specific partition type UUID is
assigned the first definition file with the same partition type
UUID, and the second existing partition with a specific type UUID
the second partition file with the same type UUID, and so on. Any
left-over partition files that have no matching existing
partition are assumed to define new partition that shall be
created. Such partitions are appended to the end of the partition
table, in the order defined by their names utilizing the first
partition slot greater than the highest slot number currently in
use. Any existing partitions that have no matching partition file
are left as they are.
Note that these definitions may only be used to create and
initialize new partitions or to grow existing ones. In the latter
case it will not grow the contained files systems however;
separate mechanisms, such as systemd-growfs(8) may be used to
grow the file systems inside of these partitions. Partitions may
also be marked for automatic growing via the GrowFileSystem=
setting, in which case the file system is grown on first mount by
tools that respect this flag. See below for details.
Type=
The GPT partition type UUID to match. This may be a GPT
partition type UUID such as
4f68bce3-e8cd-4db1-96e7-fbcaf984b709, or an identifier.
Architecture specific partition types can use one of these
architecture identifiers: alpha, arc, arm (32-bit), arm64
(64-bit, aka aarch64), ia64, loongarch64, mips-le, mips64-le,
parisc, ppc, ppc64, ppc64-le, riscv32, riscv64, s390, s390x,
tilegx, x86 (32-bit, aka i386) and x86-64 (64-bit, aka
amd64).
The supported identifiers are:
Table 1. GPT partition type identifiers
┌───────────────────────────┬──────────────────────────┐
│ Identifier │ Explanation │
├───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ esp │ EFI System Partition │
├───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ xbootldr │ Extended Boot Loader │
│ │ Partition │
├───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ swap │ Swap partition │
├───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ home │ Home (/home/) partition │
├───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ srv │ Server data (/srv/) │
│ │ partition │
├───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ var │ Variable data (/var/) │
│ │ partition │
├───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ tmp │ Temporary data │
│ │ (/var/tmp/) partition │
├───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ linux-generic │ Generic Linux file │
│ │ system partition │
├───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ root │ Root file system │
│ │ partition type │
│ │ appropriate for the │
│ │ local architecture (an │
│ │ alias for an │
│ │ architecture root file │
│ │ system partition type │
│ │ listed below, e.g. │
│ │ root-x86-64) │
├───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ root-verity │ Verity data for the root │
│ │ file system partition │
│ │ for the local │
│ │ architecture │
├───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ root-verity-sig │ Verity signature data │
│ │ for the root file system │
│ │ partition for the local │
│ │ architecture │
├───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ root-secondary │ Root file system │
│ │ partition of the │
│ │ secondary architecture │
│ │ of the local │
│ │ architecture (usually │
│ │ the matching 32-bit │
│ │ architecture for the │
│ │ local 64-bit │
│ │ architecture) │
├───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ root-secondary-verity │ Verity data for the root │
│ │ file system partition of │
│ │ the secondary │
│ │ architecture │
├───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ root-secondary-verity-sig │ Verity signature data │
│ │ for the root file system │
│ │ partition of the │
│ │ secondary architecture │
├───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ root-{arch} │ Root file system │
│ │ partition of the given │
│ │ architecture (such as │
│ │ root-x86-64 or │
│ │ root-riscv64) │
├───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ root-{arch}-verity │ Verity data for the root │
│ │ file system partition of │
│ │ the given architecture │
├───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ root-{arch}-verity-sig │ Verity signature data │
│ │ for the root file system │
│ │ partition of the given │
│ │ architecture │
├───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ usr │ /usr/ file system │
│ │ partition type │
│ │ appropriate for the │
│ │ local architecture (an │
│ │ alias for an │
│ │ architecture /usr/ file │
│ │ system partition type │
│ │ listed below, e.g. │
│ │ usr-x86-64) │
├───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ usr-verity │ Verity data for the │
│ │ /usr/ file system │
│ │ partition for the local │
│ │ architecture │
├───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ usr-verity-sig │ Verity signature data │
│ │ for the /usr/ file │
│ │ system partition for the │
│ │ local architecture │
├───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ usr-secondary │ /usr/ file system │
│ │ partition of the │
│ │ secondary architecture │
│ │ of the local │
│ │ architecture (usually │
│ │ the matching 32-bit │
│ │ architecture for the │
│ │ local 64-bit │
│ │ architecture) │
├───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ usr-secondary-verity │ Verity data for the │
│ │ /usr/ file system │
│ │ partition of the │
│ │ secondary architecture │
├───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ usr-secondary-verity-sig │ Verity signature data │
│ │ for the /usr/ file │
│ │ system partition of the │
│ │ secondary architecture │
├───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ usr-{arch} │ /usr/ file system │
│ │ partition of the given │
│ │ architecture │
├───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ usr-{arch}-verity │ Verity data for the │
│ │ /usr/ file system │
│ │ partition of the given │
│ │ architecture │
├───────────────────────────┼──────────────────────────┤
│ usr-{arch}-verity-sig │ Verity signature data │
│ │ for the /usr/ file │
│ │ system partition of the │
│ │ given architecture │
└───────────────────────────┴──────────────────────────┘
This setting defaults to linux-generic.
Most of the partition type UUIDs listed above are defined in
the Discoverable Partitions Specification[1].
Added in version 245.
Label=
The textual label to assign to the partition if none is
assigned yet. Note that this setting is not used for
matching. It is also not used when a label is already set for
an existing partition. It is thus only used when a partition
is newly created or when an existing one had a no label set
(that is: an empty label). If not specified a label derived
from the partition type is automatically used. Simple
specifier expansion is supported, see below.
Added in version 245.
UUID=
The UUID to assign to the partition if none is assigned yet.
Note that this setting is not used for matching. It is also
not used when a UUID is already set for an existing
partition. It is thus only used when a partition is newly
created or when an existing one had a all-zero UUID set. If
set to "null", the UUID is set to all zeroes. If not
specified a UUID derived from the partition type is
automatically used.
Added in version 246.
Priority=
A numeric priority to assign to this partition, in the range
-2147483648...2147483647, with smaller values indicating
higher priority, and higher values indicating smaller
priority. This priority is used in case the configured size
constraints on the defined partitions do not permit fitting
all partitions onto the available disk space. If the
partitions do not fit, the highest numeric partition priority
of all defined partitions is determined, and all defined
partitions with this priority are removed from the list of
new partitions to create (which may be multiple, if the same
priority is used for multiple partitions). The fitting
algorithm is then tried again. If the partitions still do not
fit, the now highest numeric partition priority is
determined, and the matching partitions removed too, and so
on. Partitions of a priority of 0 or lower are never removed.
If all partitions with a priority above 0 are removed and the
partitions still do not fit on the device the operation
fails. Note that this priority has no effect on ordering
partitions, for that use the alphabetical order of the
filenames of the partition definition files. Defaults to 0.
Added in version 245.
Weight=
A numeric weight to assign to this partition in the range
0...1000000. Available disk space is assigned the defined
partitions according to their relative weights (subject to
the size constraints configured with SizeMinBytes=,
SizeMaxBytes=), so that a partition with weight 2000 gets
double the space as one with weight 1000, and a partition
with weight 333 a third of that. Defaults to 1000.
The Weight= setting is used to distribute available disk
space in an "elastic" fashion, based on the disk size and
existing partitions. If a partition shall have a fixed size
use both SizeMinBytes= and SizeMaxBytes= with the same value
in order to fixate the size to one value, in which case the
weight has no effect.
Added in version 245.
PaddingWeight=
Similar to Weight=, but sets a weight for the free space
after the partition (the "padding"). When distributing
available space the weights of all partitions and all defined
padding is summed, and then each partition and padding gets
the fraction defined by its weight. Defaults to 0, i.e. by
default no padding is applied.
Padding is useful if empty space shall be left for later
additions or a safety margin at the end of the device or
between partitions.
Added in version 245.
SizeMinBytes=, SizeMaxBytes=
Specifies minimum and maximum size constraints in bytes.
Takes the usual K, M, G, T, ... suffixes (to the base of
1024). If SizeMinBytes= is specified the partition is created
at or grown to at least the specified size. If SizeMaxBytes=
is specified the partition is created at or grown to at most
the specified size. The precise size is determined through
the weight value configured with Weight=, see above. When
SizeMinBytes= is set equal to SizeMaxBytes= the configured
weight has no effect as the partition is explicitly sized to
the specified fixed value. Note that partitions are never
created smaller than 4096 bytes, and since partitions are
never shrunk the previous size of the partition (in case the
partition already exists) is also enforced as lower bound for
the new size. The values should be specified as multiples of
4096 bytes, and are rounded upwards (in case of
SizeMinBytes=) or downwards (in case of SizeMaxBytes=)
otherwise. If the backing device does not provide enough
space to fulfill the constraints placing the partition will
fail. For partitions that shall be created, depending on the
setting of Priority= (see above) the partition might be
dropped and the placing algorithm restarted. By default a
minimum size constraint of 10M and no maximum size constraint
is set.
Added in version 245.
PaddingMinBytes=, PaddingMaxBytes=
Specifies minimum and maximum size constraints in bytes for
the free space after the partition (the "padding"). Semantics
are similar to SizeMinBytes= and SizeMaxBytes=, except that
unlike partition sizes free space can be shrunk and can be as
small as zero. By default no size constraints on padding are
set, so that only PaddingWeight= determines the size of the
padding applied.
Added in version 245.
CopyBlocks=
Takes a path to a regular file, block device node or
directory, or the special value "auto". If specified and the
partition is newly created, the data from the specified path
is written to the newly created partition, on the block
level. If a directory is specified, the backing block device
of the file system the directory is on is determined, and the
data read directly from that. This option is useful to
efficiently replicate existing file systems onto new
partitions on the block level — for example to build a simple
OS installer or an OS image builder.
If the special value "auto" is specified, the source to copy
from is automatically picked up from the running system (or
the image specified with --image= — if used). A partition
that matches both the configured partition type (as declared
with Type= described above), and the currently mounted
directory appropriate for that partition type is determined.
For example, if the partition type is set to "root" the
partition backing the root directory (/) is used as source to
copy from — if its partition type is set to "root" as well.
If the declared type is "usr" the partition backing /usr/ is
used as source to copy blocks from — if its partition type is
set to "usr" too. The logic is capable of automatically
tracking down the backing partitions for encrypted and
Verity-enabled volumes. "CopyBlocks=auto" is useful for
implementing "self-replicating" systems, i.e. systems that
are their own installer.
The file specified here must have a size that is a multiple
of the basic block size 512 and not be empty. If this option
is used, the size allocation algorithm is slightly altered:
the partition is created at least as big as required to fit
the data in, i.e. the data size is an additional minimum size
value taken into consideration for the allocation algorithm,
similar to and in addition to the SizeMin= value configured
above.
This option has no effect if the partition it is declared for
already exists, i.e. existing data is never overwritten. Note
that the data is copied in before the partition table is
updated, i.e. before the partition actually is persistently
created. This provides robustness: it is guaranteed that the
partition either doesn't exist or exists fully populated; it
is not possible that the partition exists but is not or only
partially populated.
This option cannot be combined with Format= or CopyFiles=.
Added in version 246.
Format=
Takes a file system name, such as "ext4", "btrfs", "xfs",
"vfat", "erofs", "squashfs" or the special value "swap". If
specified and the partition is newly created it is formatted
with the specified file system (or as swap device). The file
system UUID and label are automatically derived from the
partition UUID and label. If this option is used, the size
allocation algorithm is slightly altered: the partition is
created at least as big as required for the minimal file
system of the specified type (or 4KiB if the minimal size is
not known).
This option has no effect if the partition already exists.
Similarly to the behaviour of CopyBlocks=, the file system is
formatted before the partition is created, ensuring that the
partition only ever exists with a fully initialized file
system.
This option cannot be combined with CopyBlocks=.
Added in version 247.
CopyFiles=
Takes a pair of colon separated absolute file system paths.
The first path refers to a source file or directory on the
host, the second path refers to a target in the file system
of the newly created partition and formatted file system.
This setting may be used to copy files or directories from
the host into the file system that is created due to the
Format= option. If CopyFiles= is used without Format=
specified explicitly, "Format=" with a suitable default is
implied (currently "vfat" for "ESP" and "XBOOTLDR"
partitions, and "ext4" otherwise, but this may change in the
future). This option may be used multiple times to copy
multiple files or directories from host into the newly
formatted file system. The colon and second path may be
omitted in which case the source path is also used as the
target path (relative to the root of the newly created file
system). If the source path refers to a directory it is
copied recursively.
This option has no effect if the partition already exists: it
cannot be used to copy additional files into an existing
partition, it may only be used to populate a file system
created anew.
The copy operation is executed before the file system is
registered in the partition table, thus ensuring that a file
system populated this way only ever exists fully initialized.
Note that CopyFiles= will skip copying files that aren't
supported by the target filesystem (e.g symlinks, fifos,
sockets and devices on vfat). When an unsupported file type
is encountered, systemd-repart will skip copying this file
and write a log message about it.
Note that systemd-repart does not change the UIDs/GIDs of any
copied files and directories. When running systemd-repart as
an unprivileged user to build an image of files and
directories owned by the same user, you can run
systemd-repart in a user namespace with the current user
mapped to the root user to make sure the files and
directories in the image are owned by the root user.
Note that when populating XFS filesystems with systemd-repart
and loop devices are not available, populating XFS
filesystems with files containing spaces, tabs or newlines
might fail on old versions of mkfs.xfs(8) due to limitations
of its protofile format.
Note that when populating XFS filesystems with systemd-repart
and loop devices are not available, extended attributes will
not be copied into generated XFS filesystems due to
limitations mkfs.xfs(8)'s protofile format.
This option cannot be combined with CopyBlocks=.
When systemd-repart(8) is invoked with the --copy-source=
command line switch the file paths are taken relative to the
specified directory. If --copy-source= is not used, but the
--image= or --root= switches are used, the source paths are
taken relative to the specified root directory or disk image
root.
Added in version 247.
ExcludeFiles=, ExcludeFilesTarget=
Takes an absolute file system path referring to a source file
or directory on the host. This setting may be used to exclude
files or directories from the host from being copied into the
file system when CopyFiles= is used. This option may be used
multiple times to exclude multiple files or directories from
host from being copied into the newly formatted file system.
If the path is a directory and ends with "/", only the
directory's contents are excluded but not the directory
itself. If the path is a directory and does not end with "/",
both the directory and its contents are excluded.
ExcludeFilesTarget= is like ExcludeFiles= except that instead
of excluding the path on the host from being copied into the
partition, we exclude any files and directories from being
copied into the given path in the partition.
When systemd-repart(8) is invoked with the --image= or
--root= command line switches the paths specified are taken
relative to the specified root directory or disk image root.
Added in version 254.
MakeDirectories=
Takes one or more absolute paths, separated by whitespace,
each declaring a directory to create within the new file
system. Behaviour is similar to CopyFiles=, but instead of
copying in a set of files this just creates the specified
directories with the default mode of 0755 owned by the root
user and group, plus all their parent directories (with the
same ownership and access mode). To configure directories
with different ownership or access mode, use CopyFiles= and
specify a source tree to copy containing appropriately
owned/configured directories. This option may be used more
than once to create multiple directories. When CopyFiles= and
MakeDirectories= are used together the former is applied
first. If a directory listed already exists no operation is
executed (in particular, the ownership/access mode of the
directories is left as is).
The primary use case for this option is to create a minimal
set of directories that may be mounted over by other
partitions contained in the same disk image. For example, a
disk image where the root file system is formatted at first
boot might want to automatically pre-create /usr/ in it this
way, so that the "usr" partition may over-mount it.
Consider using systemd-tmpfiles(8) with its --image= option
to pre-create other, more complex directory hierarchies (as
well as other inodes) with fine-grained control of ownership,
access modes and other file attributes.
Added in version 249.
Subvolumes=
Takes one or more absolute paths, separated by whitespace,
each declaring a directory that should be a subvolume within
the new file system. This option may be used more than once
to specify multiple directories. Note that this setting does
not create the directories themselves, that can be configured
with MakeDirectories= and CopyFiles=.
Note that this option only takes effect if the target
filesystem supports subvolumes, such as "btrfs".
Note that due to limitations of "mkfs.btrfs", this option is
only supported when running with --offline=no.
Added in version 255.
DefaultSubvolume=
Takes an absolute path specifying the default subvolume
within the new filesystem. Note that this setting does not
create the subvolume itself, that can be configured with
Subvolumes=.
Note that this option only takes effect if the target
filesystem supports subvolumes, such as "btrfs".
Note that due to limitations of "mkfs.btrfs", this option is
only supported when running with --offline=no.
Added in version 256.
Encrypt=
Takes one of "off", "key-file", "tpm2" and "key-file+tpm2"
(alternatively, also accepts a boolean value, which is mapped
to "off" when false, and "key-file" when true). Defaults to
"off". If not "off" the partition will be formatted with a
LUKS2 superblock, before the blocks configured with
CopyBlocks= are copied in or the file system configured with
Format= is created.
The LUKS2 UUID is automatically derived from the partition
UUID in a stable fashion. If "key-file" or "key-file+tpm2" is
used, a key is added to the LUKS2 superblock, configurable
with the --key-file= option to systemd-repart. If "tpm2" or
"key-file+tpm2" is used, a key is added to the LUKS2
superblock that is enrolled to the local TPM2 chip, as
configured with the --tpm2-device= and --tpm2-pcrs= options
to systemd-repart.
When used this slightly alters the size allocation logic as
the implicit, minimal size limits of Format= and CopyBlocks=
are increased by the space necessary for the LUKS2 superblock
(see above).
This option has no effect if the partition already exists.
Added in version 247.
Verity=
Takes one of "off", "data", "hash" or "signature". Defaults
to "off". If set to "off" or "data", the partition is
populated with content as specified by CopyBlocks= or
CopyFiles=. If set to "hash", the partition will be populated
with verity hashes from the matching verity data partition.
If set to "signature", the partition will be populated with a
JSON object containing a signature of the verity root hash of
the matching verity hash partition.
A matching verity partition is a partition with the same
verity match key (as configured with VerityMatchKey=).
If not explicitly configured, the data partition's UUID will
be set to the first 128 bits of the verity root hash.
Similarly, if not configured, the hash partition's UUID will
be set to the final 128 bits of the verity root hash. The
verity root hash itself will be included in the output of
systemd-repart.
This option has no effect if the partition already exists.
Usage of this option in combination with Encrypt= is not
supported.
For each unique VerityMatchKey= value, a single verity data
partition ("Verity=data") and a single verity hash partition
("Verity=hash") must be defined.
Added in version 252.
VerityMatchKey=
Takes a short, user-chosen identifier string. This setting is
used to find sibling verity partitions for the current verity
partition. See the description for Verity=.
Added in version 252.
VerityDataBlockSizeBytes=
Configures the data block size of the generated verity hash
partition. Must be between 512 and 4096 bytes and must be a
power of 2. Defaults to the sector size if configured
explicitly, or the underlying block device sector size, or 4K
if systemd-repart is not operating on a block device.
Added in version 255.
VerityHashBlockSizeBytes=
Configures the hash block size of the generated verity hash
partition. Must be between 512 and 4096 bytes and must be a
power of 2. Defaults to the sector size if configured
explicitly, or the underlying block device sector size, or 4K
if systemd-repart is not operating on a block device.
Added in version 255.
FactoryReset=
Takes a boolean argument. If specified the partition is
marked for removal during a factory reset operation. This
functionality is useful to implement schemes where images can
be reset into their original state by removing partitions and
creating them anew. Defaults to off.
Added in version 245.
Flags=
Configures the 64-bit GPT partition flags field to set for
the partition when creating it. This option has no effect if
the partition already exists. If not specified the flags
values is set to all zeroes, except for the three bits that
can also be configured via NoAuto=, ReadOnly= and
GrowFileSystem=; see below for details on the defaults for
these three flags. Specify the flags value in hexadecimal (by
prefixing it with "0x"), binary (prefix "0b") or decimal (no
prefix).
Added in version 249.
NoAuto=, ReadOnly=, GrowFileSystem=
Configures the No-Auto, Read-Only and Grow-File-System
partition flags (bit 63, 60 and 59) of the partition table
entry, as defined by the Discoverable Partitions
Specification[1]. Only available for partition types
supported by the specification. This option is a friendly way
to set bits 63, 60 and 59 of the partition flags value
without setting any of the other bits, and may be set via
Flags= too, see above.
If Flags= is used in conjunction with one or more of
NoAuto=/ReadOnly=/GrowFileSystem= the latter control the
value of the relevant flags, i.e. the high-level settings
NoAuto=/ReadOnly=/GrowFileSystem= override the relevant bits
of the low-level setting Flags=.
Note that the three flags affect only automatic partition
mounting, as implemented by systemd-gpt-auto-generator(8) or
the --image= option of various commands (such as
systemd-nspawn(1)). It has no effect on explicit mounts, such
as those done via mount(8) or fstab(5).
If both bit 50 and 59 are set for a partition (i.e. the
partition is marked both read-only and marked for file system
growing) the latter is typically without effect: the
read-only flag takes precedence in most tools reading these
flags, and since growing the file system involves writing to
the partition it is consequently ignored.
NoAuto= defaults to off. ReadOnly= defaults to on for Verity
partition types, and off for all others. GrowFileSystem=
defaults to on for all partition types that support it,
except if the partition is marked read-only (and thus
effectively, defaults to off for Verity partitions).
Added in version 249.
SplitName=
Configures the suffix to append to split artifacts when the
--split option of systemd-repart(8) is used. Simple specifier
expansion is supported, see below. Defaults to "%t". To
disable split artifact generation for a partition, set
SplitName= to "-".
Added in version 252.
Minimize=
Takes one of "off", "best", and "guess" (alternatively, also
accepts a boolean value, which is mapped to "off" when false,
and "best" when true). Defaults to "off". If set to "best",
the partition will have the minimal size required to store
the sources configured with CopyFiles=. "best" is currently
only supported for read-only filesystems. If set to "guess",
the partition is created at least as big as required to store
the sources configured with CopyFiles=. Note that unless the
filesystem is a read-only filesystem, systemd-repart will
have to populate the filesystem twice to guess the minimal
required size, so enabling this option might slow down repart
when populating large partitions.
Added in version 253.
MountPoint=
Specifies where and how the partition should be mounted.
Takes at least one and at most two fields separated with a
colon (":"). The first field specifies where the partition
should be mounted. The second field specifies extra mount
options to append to the default mount options. These fields
correspond to the second and fourth column of the fstab(5)
format. This setting may be specified multiple times to mount
the partition multiple times. This can be used to add mounts
for different btrfs subvolumes located on the same btrfs
partition.
Note that this setting is only taken into account when
--generate-fstab= is specified on the systemd-repart command
line.
Added in version 256.
EncryptedVolume=
Specify how the encrypted partition should be set up. Takes
at least one and at most three fields separated with a colon
(":"). The first field specifies the encrypted volume name
under /dev/mapper/. If not specified, "luks-UUID" will be
used where "UUID" is the LUKS UUID. The second field
specifies the keyfile to use following the same format as
specified in crypttab. The third field specifies a
comma-delimited list of crypttab options. These fields
correspond to the first, third and fourth column of the
crypttab(5) format.
Note that this setting is only taken into account when
--generate-crypttab= is specified on the systemd-repart
command line.
Added in version 256.
Specifiers may be used in the Label=, CopyBlocks=, CopyFiles=,
MakeDirectories=, SplitName= settings. The following expansions
are understood:
Table 2. Specifiers available
┌───────────┬──────────────────┬────────────────────────┐
│ Specifier │ Meaning │ Details │
├───────────┼──────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
│ "%a" │ Architecture │ A short string │
│ │ │ identifying the │
│ │ │ architecture of │
│ │ │ the local system. │
│ │ │ A string such as │
│ │ │ x86, x86-64 or │
│ │ │ arm64. See the │
│ │ │ architectures │
│ │ │ defined for │
│ │ │ ConditionArchitecture= │
│ │ │ in systemd.unit(5) │
│ │ │ for a full list. │
├───────────┼──────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
│ "%A" │ Operating system │ The operating system │
│ │ image version │ image version │
│ │ │ identifier of the │
│ │ │ running system, as │
│ │ │ read from the │
│ │ │ IMAGE_VERSION= field │
│ │ │ of /etc/os-release. If │
│ │ │ not set, resolves to │
│ │ │ an empty string. See │
│ │ │ os-release(5) for more │
│ │ │ information. │
├───────────┼──────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
│ "%b" │ Boot ID │ The boot ID of the │
│ │ │ running system, │
│ │ │ formatted as string. │
│ │ │ See random(4) for more │
│ │ │ information. │
├───────────┼──────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
│ "%B" │ Operating system │ The operating system │
│ │ build ID │ build identifier of │
│ │ │ the running system, as │
│ │ │ read from the │
│ │ │ BUILD_ID= field of │
│ │ │ /etc/os-release. If │
│ │ │ not set, resolves to │
│ │ │ an empty string. See │
│ │ │ os-release(5) for more │
│ │ │ information. │
├───────────┼──────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
│ "%H" │ Host name │ The hostname of the │
│ │ │ running system. │
├───────────┼──────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
│ "%l" │ Short host name │ The hostname of the │
│ │ │ running system, │
│ │ │ truncated at the first │
│ │ │ dot to remove any │
│ │ │ domain component. │
├───────────┼──────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
│ "%m" │ Machine ID │ The machine ID of the │
│ │ │ running system, │
│ │ │ formatted as string. │
│ │ │ See machine-id(5) for │
│ │ │ more information. │
├───────────┼──────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
│ "%M" │ Operating system │ The operating system │
│ │ image identifier │ image identifier of │
│ │ │ the running system, as │
│ │ │ read from the │
│ │ │ IMAGE_ID= field of │
│ │ │ /etc/os-release. If │
│ │ │ not set, resolves to │
│ │ │ an empty string. See │
│ │ │ os-release(5) for more │
│ │ │ information. │
├───────────┼──────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
│ "%o" │ Operating system │ The operating system │
│ │ ID │ identifier of the │
│ │ │ running system, as │
│ │ │ read from the ID= │
│ │ │ field of │
│ │ │ /etc/os-release. See │
│ │ │ os-release(5) for more │
│ │ │ information. │
├───────────┼──────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
│ "%v" │ Kernel release │ Identical to uname -r │
│ │ │ output. │
├───────────┼──────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
│ "%w" │ Operating system │ The operating system │
│ │ version ID │ version identifier of │
│ │ │ the running system, as │
│ │ │ read from the │
│ │ │ VERSION_ID= field of │
│ │ │ /etc/os-release. If │
│ │ │ not set, resolves to │
│ │ │ an empty string. See │
│ │ │ os-release(5) for more │
│ │ │ information. │
├───────────┼──────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
│ "%W" │ Operating system │ The operating system │
│ │ variant ID │ variant identifier of │
│ │ │ the running system, as │
│ │ │ read from the │
│ │ │ VARIANT_ID= field of │
│ │ │ /etc/os-release. If │
│ │ │ not set, resolves to │
│ │ │ an empty string. See │
│ │ │ os-release(5) for more │
│ │ │ information. │
├───────────┼──────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
│ "%T" │ Directory for │ This is either /tmp or │
│ │ temporary files │ the path "$TMPDIR", │
│ │ │ "$TEMP" or "$TMP" are │
│ │ │ set to. (Note that the │
│ │ │ directory may be │
│ │ │ specified without a │
│ │ │ trailing slash.) │
├───────────┼──────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
│ "%V" │ Directory for │ This is either │
│ │ larger and │ /var/tmp or the path │
│ │ persistent │ "$TMPDIR", "$TEMP" or │
│ │ temporary files │ "$TMP" are set to. │
│ │ │ (Note that the │
│ │ │ directory may be │
│ │ │ specified without a │
│ │ │ trailing slash.) │
├───────────┼──────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
│ "%%" │ Single percent │ Use "%%" in place of │
│ │ sign │ "%" to specify a │
│ │ │ single percent sign. │
└───────────┴──────────────────┴────────────────────────┘
Additionally, for the SplitName= setting, the following
specifiers are also understood:
Table 3. Specifiers available
┌───────────┬──────────────────┬────────────────────┐
│ Specifier │ Meaning │ Details │
├───────────┼──────────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ "%T" │ Partition Type │ The partition type │
│ │ UUID │ UUID, as │
│ │ │ configured with │
│ │ │ Type= │
├───────────┼──────────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ "%t" │ Partition Type │ The partition type │
│ │ Identifier │ identifier │
│ │ │ corresponding to │
│ │ │ the partition type │
│ │ │ UUID │
├───────────┼──────────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ "%U" │ Partition UUID │ The partition │
│ │ │ UUID, as │
│ │ │ configured with │
│ │ │ UUID= │
├───────────┼──────────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ "%n" │ Partition Number │ The partition │
│ │ │ number assigned to │
│ │ │ the partition │
└───────────┴──────────────────┴────────────────────┘
Extra filesystem formatting options can be provided using
filesystem-specific environment variables:
$SYSTEMD_REPART_MKFS_OPTIONS_BTRFS,
$SYSTEMD_REPART_MKFS_OPTIONS_XFS,
$SYSTEMD_REPART_MKFS_OPTIONS_VFAT,
$SYSTEMD_REPART_MKFS_OPTIONS_EROFS, and
$SYSTEMD_REPART_MKFS_OPTIONS_SQUASHFS. Each variable accepts
valid mkfs.filesystem command-line arguments. The content of
those variables is passed as-is to the command, without any
verification.
Example 1. Grow the root partition to the full disk size at first
boot
With the following file the root partition is automatically grown
to the full disk if possible during boot.
# /usr/lib/repart.d/50-root.conf
[Partition]
Type=root
Example 2. Create a swap and home partition automatically on
boot, if missing
The home partition gets all available disk space while the swap
partition gets 1G at most and 64M at least. We set a priority > 0
on the swap partition to ensure the swap partition is not used if
not enough space is available. For every three bytes assigned to
the home partition the swap partition gets assigned one.
# /usr/lib/repart.d/60-home.conf
[Partition]
Type=home
# /usr/lib/repart.d/70-swap.conf
[Partition]
Type=swap
SizeMinBytes=64M
SizeMaxBytes=1G
Priority=1
Weight=333
Example 3. Create B partitions in an A/B Verity setup, if missing
Let's say the vendor intends to update OS images in an A/B setup,
i.e. with two root partitions (and two matching Verity
partitions) that shall be used alternatingly during upgrades. To
minimize image sizes the original image is shipped only with one
root and one Verity partition (the "A" set), and the second root
and Verity partitions (the "B" set) shall be created on first
boot on the free space on the medium.
# /usr/lib/repart.d/50-root.conf
[Partition]
Type=root
SizeMinBytes=512M
SizeMaxBytes=512M
# /usr/lib/repart.d/60-root-verity.conf
[Partition]
Type=root-verity
SizeMinBytes=64M
SizeMaxBytes=64M
The definitions above cover the "A" set of root partition (of a
fixed 512M size) and Verity partition for the root partition (of
a fixed 64M size). Let's use symlinks to create the "B" set of
partitions, since after all they shall have the same properties
and sizes as the "A" set.
# ln -s 50-root.conf /usr/lib/repart.d/70-root-b.conf
# ln -s 60-root-verity.conf /usr/lib/repart.d/80-root-verity-b.conf
Example 4. Create a data partition and corresponding verity
partitions from a OS tree
Assuming we have an OS tree at /var/tmp/os-tree that we want to
package in a root partition together with matching verity
partitions, we can do so as follows:
# 50-root.conf
[Partition]
Type=root
CopyFiles=/var/tmp/os-tree
Verity=data
VerityMatchKey=root
Minimize=guess
# 60-root-verity.conf
[Partition]
Type=root-verity
Verity=hash
VerityMatchKey=root
# Explicitly set the hash and data block size to 4K
VerityDataBlockSizeBytes=4096
VerityHashBlockSizeBytes=4096
Minimize=best
# 70-root-verity-sig.conf
[Partition]
Type=root-verity-sig
Verity=signature
VerityMatchKey=root
systemd(1), systemd-repart(8), sfdisk(8), systemd-cryptenroll(1)
1. Discoverable Partitions Specification
https://uapi-group.org/specifications/specs/discoverable_partitions_specification
This page is part of the systemd (systemd system and service
manager) project. Information about the project can be found at
⟨http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd⟩. If you have
a bug report for this manual page, see
⟨http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/#bugreports⟩.
This page was obtained from the project's upstream Git repository
⟨https://github.com/systemd/systemd.git⟩ on 2024-06-14. (At that
time, the date of the most recent commit that was found in the
repository was 2024-06-13.) If you discover any rendering
problems in this HTML version of the page, or you believe there
is a better or more up-to-date source for the page, or you have
corrections or improvements to the information in this COLOPHON
(which is not part of the original manual page), send a mail to
[email protected]
systemd 257~devel REPART.D(5)
Pages that refer to this page: sysupdate.d(5), systemd.directives(7), systemd.index(7), systemd-repart(8)
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