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NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | OPTIONS | EXIT STATUS | SEE ALSO | NOTES | COLOPHON |
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SYSTEMD-DETECT-VIRT(1) systemd-detect-virt SYSTEMD-DETECT-VIRT(1)
systemd-detect-virt - Detect execution in a virtualized
environment
systemd-detect-virt [OPTIONS...]
systemd-detect-virt detects execution in a virtualized
environment. It identifies the virtualization technology and can
distinguish full machine virtualization from container
virtualization. systemd-detect-virt exits with a return value of
0 (success) if a virtualization technology is detected, and
non-zero (error) otherwise. By default, any type of
virtualization is detected, and the options --container and --vm
can be used to limit what types of virtualization are detected.
When executed without --quiet will print a short identifier for
the detected virtualization technology. The following
technologies are currently identified:
Table 1. Known virtualization technologies (both VM, i.e. full
hardware virtualization, and container, i.e. shared kernel
virtualization)
┌───────────┬────────────────┬────────────────────┐
│ Type │ ID │ Product │
├───────────┼────────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ VM │ qemu │ QEMU software │
│ │ │ virtualization, │
│ │ │ without KVM │
│ ├────────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ │ kvm │ Linux KVM kernel │
│ │ │ virtual machine, │
│ │ │ in combination │
│ │ │ with QEMU. Not │
│ │ │ used for other │
│ │ │ virtualizers using │
│ │ │ the KVM │
│ │ │ interfaces, such │
│ │ │ as Oracle │
│ │ │ VirtualBox or │
│ │ │ Amazon EC2 Nitro, │
│ │ │ see below. │
│ ├────────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ │ amazon │ Amazon EC2 Nitro │
│ │ │ using Linux KVM │
│ ├────────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ │ zvm │ s390 z/VM │
│ ├────────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ │ vmware │ VMware Workstation │
│ │ │ or Server, and │
│ │ │ related products │
│ ├────────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ │ microsoft │ Hyper-V, also │
│ │ │ known as Viridian │
│ │ │ or Windows Server │
│ │ │ Virtualization │
│ ├────────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ │ oracle │ Oracle VM │
│ │ │ VirtualBox │
│ │ │ (historically │
│ │ │ marketed by │
│ │ │ innotek and Sun │
│ │ │ Microsystems), for │
│ │ │ legacy and KVM │
│ │ │ hypervisor │
│ ├────────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ │ powervm │ IBM PowerVM │
│ │ │ hypervisor — comes │
│ │ │ as firmware with │
│ │ │ some IBM POWER │
│ │ │ servers │
│ ├────────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ │ xen │ Xen hypervisor │
│ │ │ (only domU, not │
│ │ │ dom0) │
│ ├────────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ │ bochs │ Bochs Emulator │
│ ├────────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ │ uml │ User-mode Linux │
│ ├────────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ │ parallels │ Parallels Desktop, │
│ │ │ Parallels Server │
│ ├────────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ │ bhyve │ bhyve, FreeBSD │
│ │ │ hypervisor │
│ ├────────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ │ qnx │ QNX hypervisor │
│ ├────────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ │ acrn │ ACRN hypervisor[1] │
│ ├────────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ │ apple │ Apple │
│ │ │ virtualization │
│ │ │ framework[2] │
│ ├────────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ │ sre │ LMHS SRE │
│ │ │ hypervisor[3] │
├───────────┼────────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ google │ Google Compute │ │
│ │ Engine[4] │ │
├───────────┼────────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ Container │ openvz │ OpenVZ/Virtuozzo │
│ ├────────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ │ lxc │ Linux container │
│ │ │ implementation by │
│ │ │ LXC │
│ ├────────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ │ lxc-libvirt │ Linux container │
│ │ │ implementation by │
│ │ │ libvirt │
│ ├────────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ │ systemd-nspawn │ systemd's minimal │
│ │ │ container │
│ │ │ implementation, │
│ │ │ see │
│ │ │ systemd-nspawn(1) │
│ ├────────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ │ docker │ Docker container │
│ │ │ manager │
│ ├────────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ │ podman │ Podman[5] │
│ │ │ container manager │
│ ├────────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ │ rkt │ rkt app container │
│ │ │ runtime │
│ ├────────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ │ wsl │ Windows Subsystem │
│ │ │ for Linux[6] │
│ ├────────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ │ proot │ proot[7] userspace │
│ │ │ chroot/bind mount │
│ │ │ emulation │
│ ├────────────────┼────────────────────┤
│ │ pouch │ Pouch[8] Container │
│ │ │ Engine │
└───────────┴────────────────┴────────────────────┘
If multiple virtualization solutions are used, only the
"innermost" is detected and identified. That means if both
machine and container virtualization are used in conjunction,
only the latter will be identified (unless --vm is passed).
Windows Subsystem for Linux is not a Linux container, but an
environment for running Linux userspace applications on top of
the Windows kernel using a Linux-compatible interface. WSL is
categorized as a container for practical purposes. Multiple WSL
environments share the same kernel and services should generally
behave like when being run in a container.
The following options are understood:
-c, --container
Only detects container virtualization (i.e. shared kernel
virtualization).
-v, --vm
Only detects hardware virtualization.
-r, --chroot
Detect whether invoked in a chroot(2) environment. In this
mode, no output is written, but the return value indicates
whether the process was invoked in a chroot() environment or
not.
Added in version 228.
--private-users
Detect whether invoked in a user namespace. In this mode, no
output is written, but the return value indicates whether the
process was invoked inside of a user namespace or not. See
user_namespaces(7) for more information.
Added in version 232.
--cvm
Detect whether invoked in a confidential virtual machine. The
result of this detection may be used to disable features that
should not be used in confidential VMs. It must not be used
to release security sensitive information. The latter must
only be released after attestation of the confidential
environment.
Added in version 254.
-q, --quiet
Suppress output of the virtualization technology identifier.
--list
Output all currently known and detectable container and VM
environments.
Added in version 239.
--list-cvm
Output all currently known and detectable confidential
virtualization technologies.
Added in version 254.
-h, --help
Print a short help text and exit.
--version
Print a short version string and exit.
If a virtualization technology is detected, 0 is returned, a
non-zero code otherwise.
systemd(1), systemd-nspawn(1), chroot(2), namespaces(7)
1. ACRN hypervisor
https://projectacrn.org
2. Apple virtualization framework
https://developer.apple.com/documentation/virtualization
3. LMHS SRE hypervisor
https://www.lockheedmartin.com/en-us/products/Hardened-Security-for-Intel-Processors.html
4. Google Compute Engine
https://cloud.google.com/compute
5. Podman
https://podman.io
6. Windows Subsystem for Linux
https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/about
7. proot
https://proot-me.github.io/
8. Pouch
https://github.com/alibaba/pouch
This page is part of the systemd (systemd system and service
manager) project. Information about the project can be found at
⟨http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd⟩. If you have
a bug report for this manual page, see
⟨http://www.freedesktop.org/wiki/Software/systemd/#bugreports⟩.
This page was obtained from the project's upstream Git repository
⟨https://github.com/systemd/systemd.git⟩ on 2024-06-14. (At that
time, the date of the most recent commit that was found in the
repository was 2024-06-13.) If you discover any rendering
problems in this HTML version of the page, or you believe there
is a better or more up-to-date source for the page, or you have
corrections or improvements to the information in this COLOPHON
(which is not part of the original manual page), send a mail to
[email protected]
systemd 257~devel SYSTEMD-DETECT-VIRT(1)
Pages that refer to this page: org.freedesktop.systemd1(5), systemd.unit(5), systemd.directives(7), systemd.generator(7), systemd.index(7), udev(7)
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HTML rendering created 2024-06-26 by Michael Kerrisk, author of The Linux Programming Interface. For details of in-depth Linux/UNIX system programming training courses that I teach, look here. Hosting by jambit GmbH. |
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