git-rerere(1) — Linux manual page

NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | COMMANDS | DISCUSSION | GIT | COLOPHON

GIT-RERERE(1)                  Git Manual                  GIT-RERERE(1)

NAME         top

       git-rerere - Reuse recorded resolution of conflicted merges

SYNOPSIS         top

       git rerere [clear | forget <pathspec>... | diff | status | remaining | gc]

DESCRIPTION         top

       In a workflow employing relatively long lived topic branches, the
       developer sometimes needs to resolve the same conflicts over and
       over again until the topic branches are done (either merged to
       the "release" branch, or sent out and accepted upstream).

       This command assists the developer in this process by recording
       conflicted automerge results and corresponding hand resolve
       results on the initial manual merge, and applying previously
       recorded hand resolutions to their corresponding automerge
       results.

           Note

           You need to set the configuration variable rerere.enabled in
           order to enable this command.

COMMANDS         top

       Normally, git rerere is run without arguments or
       user-intervention. However, it has several commands that allow it
       to interact with its working state.

       clear
           Reset the metadata used by rerere if a merge resolution is to
           be aborted. Calling git am [--skip|--abort] or git rebase
           [--skip|--abort] will automatically invoke this command.

       forget <pathspec>
           Reset the conflict resolutions which rerere has recorded for
           the current conflict in <pathspec>.

       diff
           Display diffs for the current state of the resolution. It is
           useful for tracking what has changed while the user is
           resolving conflicts. Additional arguments are passed directly
           to the system diff command installed in PATH.

       status
           Print paths with conflicts whose merge resolution rerere will
           record.

       remaining
           Print paths with conflicts that have not been autoresolved by
           rerere. This includes paths whose resolutions cannot be
           tracked by rerere, such as conflicting submodules.

       gc
           Prune records of conflicted merges that occurred a long time
           ago. By default, unresolved conflicts older than 15 days and
           resolved conflicts older than 60 days are pruned. These
           defaults are controlled via the gc.rerereUnresolved and
           gc.rerereResolved configuration variables respectively.

DISCUSSION         top

       When your topic branch modifies an overlapping area that your
       master branch (or upstream) touched since your topic branch
       forked from it, you may want to test it with the latest master,
       even before your topic branch is ready to be pushed upstream:

                         o---*---o topic
                        /
               o---o---o---*---o---o master

       For such a test, you need to merge master and topic somehow. One
       way to do it is to pull master into the topic branch:

                   $ git switch topic
                   $ git merge master

                         o---*---o---+ topic
                        /           /
               o---o---o---*---o---o master

       The commits marked with * touch the same area in the same file;
       you need to resolve the conflicts when creating the commit marked
       with +. Then you can test the result to make sure your
       work-in-progress still works with what is in the latest master.

       After this test merge, there are two ways to continue your work
       on the topic. The easiest is to build on top of the test merge
       commit +, and when your work in the topic branch is finally
       ready, pull the topic branch into master, and/or ask the upstream
       to pull from you. By that time, however, the master or the
       upstream might have been advanced since the test merge +, in
       which case the final commit graph would look like this:

                   $ git switch topic
                   $ git merge master
                   $ ... work on both topic and master branches
                   $ git switch master
                   $ git merge topic

                         o---*---o---+---o---o topic
                        /           /         \
               o---o---o---*---o---o---o---o---+ master

       When your topic branch is long-lived, however, your topic branch
       would end up having many such "Merge from master" commits on it,
       which would unnecessarily clutter the development history.
       Readers of the Linux kernel mailing list may remember that Linus
       complained about such too frequent test merges when a subsystem
       maintainer asked to pull from a branch full of "useless merges".

       As an alternative, to keep the topic branch clean of test merges,
       you could blow away the test merge, and keep building on top of
       the tip before the test merge:

                   $ git switch topic
                   $ git merge master
                   $ git reset --hard HEAD^ ;# rewind the test merge
                   $ ... work on both topic and master branches
                   $ git switch master
                   $ git merge topic

                         o---*---o-------o---o topic
                        /                     \
               o---o---o---*---o---o---o---o---+ master

       This would leave only one merge commit when your topic branch is
       finally ready and merged into the master branch. This merge would
       require you to resolve the conflict, introduced by the commits
       marked with *. However, this conflict is often the same conflict
       you resolved when you created the test merge you blew away. git
       rerere helps you resolve this final conflicted merge using the
       information from your earlier hand resolve.

       Running the git rerere command immediately after a conflicted
       automerge records the conflicted working tree files, with the
       usual conflict markers <<<<<<<, =======, and >>>>>>> in them.
       Later, after you are done resolving the conflicts, running git
       rerere again will record the resolved state of these files.
       Suppose you did this when you created the test merge of master
       into the topic branch.

       Next time, after seeing the same conflicted automerge, running
       git rerere will perform a three-way merge between the earlier
       conflicted automerge, the earlier manual resolution, and the
       current conflicted automerge. If this three-way merge resolves
       cleanly, the result is written out to your working tree file, so
       you do not have to manually resolve it. Note that git rerere
       leaves the index file alone, so you still need to do the final
       sanity checks with git diff (or git diff -c) and git add when you
       are satisfied.

       As a convenience measure, git merge automatically invokes git
       rerere upon exiting with a failed automerge and git rerere
       records the hand resolve when it is a new conflict, or reuses the
       earlier hand resolve when it is not. git commit also invokes git
       rerere when committing a merge result. What this means is that
       you do not have to do anything special yourself (besides enabling
       the rerere.enabled config variable).

       In our example, when you do the test merge, the manual resolution
       is recorded, and it will be reused when you do the actual merge
       later with the updated master and topic branch, as long as the
       recorded resolution is still applicable.

       The information git rerere records is also used when running git
       rebase. After blowing away the test merge and continuing
       development on the topic branch:

                         o---*---o-------o---o topic
                        /
               o---o---o---*---o---o---o---o   master

                   $ git rebase master topic

                                             o---*---o-------o---o topic
                                            /
               o---o---o---*---o---o---o---o   master

       you could run git rebase master topic, to bring yourself up to
       date before your topic is ready to be sent upstream. This would
       result in falling back to a three-way merge, and it would
       conflict the same way as the test merge you resolved earlier. git
       rerere will be run by git rebase to help you resolve this
       conflict.

       [NOTE] git rerere relies on the conflict markers in the file to
       detect the conflict. If the file already contains lines that look
       the same as lines with conflict markers, git rerere may fail to
       record a conflict resolution. To work around this, the
       conflict-marker-size setting in gitattributes(5) can be used.

GIT         top

       Part of the git(1) suite

COLOPHON         top

       This page is part of the git (Git distributed version control
       system) project.  Information about the project can be found at
       ⟨http://git-scm.com/⟩.  If you have a bug report for this manual
       page, see ⟨http://git-scm.com/community⟩.  This page was obtained
       from the project's upstream Git repository
       ⟨https://github.com/git/git.git⟩ on 2024-06-14.  (At that time,
       the date of the most recent commit that was found in the
       repository was 2024-06-12.)  If you discover any rendering
       problems in this HTML version of the page, or you believe there
       is a better or more up-to-date source for the page, or you have
       corrections or improvements to the information in this COLOPHON
       (which is not part of the original manual page), send a mail to
       [email protected]

Git 2.45.2.492.gd63586         2024-06-12                  GIT-RERERE(1)

Pages that refer to this page: git(1)git-config(1)git-gc(1)