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HTML rendering created 2026-05-24 by Michael Kerrisk, author of The Linux Programming Interface. For details of in-depth Linux/UNIX system programming training courses that I teach, look here. Hosting by jambit GmbH. |
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NAME | SYNOPSIS | DESCRIPTION | EXAMPLES | AUTHOR | REPORTING BUGS | COPYRIGHT | SEE ALSO | COLOPHON |
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COMM(1) User Commands COMM(1)
comm - compare two sorted files line by line
comm [OPTION]... FILE1 FILE2
Compare sorted files FILE1 and FILE2 line by line.
When FILE1 or FILE2 (not both) is -, read standard input.
With no options, produce three-column output. Column one contains
lines unique to FILE1, column two contains lines unique to FILE2,
and column three contains lines common to both files.
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#comm-1\-1]8;;\ suppress column 1 (lines unique to FILE1)
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#comm-2\-2]8;;\ suppress column 2 (lines unique to FILE2)
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#comm-3\-3]8;;\ suppress column 3 (lines that appear in both files)
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#comm--check-order\--check-order]8;;\
check that the input is correctly sorted, even if all input
lines are pairable
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#comm--nocheck-order\--nocheck-order]8;;\
do not check that the input is correctly sorted
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#comm--output-delimiter\--output-delimiter=STR]8;;\
separate columns with STR
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#comm--total\--total]8;;\
output a summary
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/manual/coreutils.html#comm-z\-z, --zero-terminated]8;;\
line delimiter is NUL, not newline
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/comm#comm--help\--help]8;;\ display this help and exit
]8;;https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/comm#comm--version\--version]8;;\
output version information and exit
Comparisons honor the rules specified by 'LC_COLLATE'.
comm -12 file1 file2
Print only lines present in both file1 and file2.
comm -3 file1 file2
Print lines in file1 not in file2, and vice versa.
Written by Richard M. Stallman and David MacKenzie.
Report bugs to: bug-coreutils@gnu.org
GNU coreutils home page: <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/>
General help using GNU software: <https://www.gnu.org/gethelp/>
Report any translation bugs to
<https://translationproject.org/team/>
Copyright © 2026 Free Software Foundation, Inc. License GPLv3+:
GNU GPL version 3 or later <https://gnu.org/licenses/gpl.html>.
This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
join(1), uniq(1)
Full documentation <https://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/comm>
or available locally via: info '(coreutils) comm invocation'
This page is part of the coreutils (basic file, shell and text
manipulation utilities) project. Information about the project
can be found at ⟨http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/⟩. If you
have a bug report for this manual page, see
⟨http://www.gnu.org/software/coreutils/⟩. This page was obtained
from the tarball coreutils-9.11.tar.xz fetched from
⟨http://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/coreutils/⟩ on 2026-05-24. If you
discover any rendering problems in this HTML version of the page,
or you believe there is a better or more up-to-date source for the
page, or you have corrections or improvements to the information
in this COLOPHON (which is not part of the original manual page),
send a mail to man-pages@man7.org
GNU coreutils 9.11 April 2026 COMM(1)
Pages that refer to this page: join(1), uniq(1)
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HTML rendering created 2026-05-24 by Michael Kerrisk, author of The Linux Programming Interface. For details of in-depth Linux/UNIX system programming training courses that I teach, look here. Hosting by jambit GmbH. |
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